Selenium: Web Automation Python Lengkap

# Instal Selenium
pip install selenium

# Verifikasi
python -c "import selenium; print(selenium.__version__)"
# Output: 4.x.x

# Selenium 4.6+ sudah include Selenium Manager
# yang otomatis download browser driver!
# Tidak perlu download ChromeDriver/GeckoDriver secara manual.

# Jika ingin pakai versi lama (<4.6), perlu download driver:
# ChromeDriver: https://chromedriver.chromium.org/
# GeckoDriver (Firefox): https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver

# Tambahan (opsional)
pip install webdriver-manager  # Auto-manage driver versions

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

# Selenium 4.6+ — driver management otomatis!
driver = webdriver.Chrome()  # Buka Chrome
# Atau: webdriver.Firefox()  # Buka Firefox
# Atau: webdriver.Edge()     # Buka Edge

try:
    # Buka halaman web
    driver.get("https://www.google.com")

    # Cetak judul halaman
    print(driver.title)  # Google

    # Cari elemen dan ketik teks
    search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "q")
    search_box.send_keys("Selenium Python tutorial")

    # Tekan Enter
    from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
    search_box.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

    # Tunggu dan cetak URL
    import time
    time.sleep(2)
    print(driver.current_url)

finally:
    # Selalu tutup browser
    driver.quit()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

# ========================================
# Konfigurasi Browser Options
# ========================================
options = Options()

# Headless mode (tanpa UI)
# options.add_argument('--headless')

# Ukuran window
options.add_argument('--window-size=1920,1080')

# Disable GPU (kadang perlu di server)
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')

# User Agent custom
options.add_argument('--user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64)')

# Disable notifikasi
options.add_argument('--disable-notifications')

# Disable extensions
options.add_argument('--disable-extensions')

# Bahasa Indonesia
options.add_argument('--lang=id')

# Incognito mode
options.add_argument('--incognito')

driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

try:
    # ========================================
    # Navigasi Dasar
    # ========================================
    driver.get("https://www.example.com")  # Buka URL

    print(driver.title)       # Judul halaman
    print(driver.current_url) # URL saat ini
    print(driver.page_source) # HTML source code halaman

    # Navigasi
    driver.get("https://www.example.com/page1")
    driver.back()      # Kembali ke halaman sebelumnya
    driver.forward()   # Maju ke halaman berikutnya
    driver.refresh()   # Refresh halaman

    # ========================================
    # Window Management
    # ========================================
    # Dapatkan posisi dan ukuran window
    print(driver.get_window_size())
    print(driver.get_window_position())

    # Set ukuran dan posisi
    driver.set_window_size(1280, 720)
    driver.set_window_position(0, 0)
    driver.maximize_window()
    driver.minimize_window()
    driver.fullscreen_window()

    # ========================================
    # Tab/Window Management
    # ========================================
    # Buka tab baru
    driver.execute_script("window.open('https://example.com', '_blank');")

    # Dapatkan semua tab
    print(driver.window_handles)  # ['CDwindow-...', 'CDwindow-...']

    # Switch ke tab baru
    driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])

    # Kembali ke tab pertama
    driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[0])

    # Tutup tab saat ini (bukan quit)
    driver.close()

    # ========================================
    # Frames dan Alerts
    # ========================================
    # Switch ke frame
    driver.switch_to.frame("frame_name")     # by name
    driver.switch_to.frame(0)                 # by index
    driver.switch_to.frame(element)           # by element

    # Kembali ke main content
    driver.switch_to.default_content()

    # Handle alert
    alert = driver.switch_to.alert
    print(alert.text)     # Teks alert
    alert.accept()        # Klik OK
    # alert.dismiss()     # Klik Cancel

    # ========================================
    # Screenshots
    # ========================================
    driver.save_screenshot("screenshot.png")  # Full page

    # Screenshot elemen tertentu
    element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "main-content")
    element.screenshot("element.png")

    # Screenshot sebagai bytes
    png_data = driver.get_screenshot_as_png()

    # ========================================
    # Execute JavaScript
    # ========================================
    # Jalankan JS
    driver.execute_script("alert('Hello from Selenium!');")

    # Return value dari JS
    title = driver.execute_script("return document.title;")

    # Scroll halaman
    driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, 500);")  # Scroll ke bawah
    driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")  # Bottom

    # Scroll ke elemen
    element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "target")
    driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", element)

finally:
    driver.quit()  # Tutup browser dan semua tab

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

try:
    driver.get("https://example.com")

    # ========================================
    # find_element — cari SATU elemen
    # Mengembalikan WebElement, error jika tidak ditemukan
    # ========================================

    # By ID (PALING CEPAT dan PALING DISARANKAN)
    header = driver.find_element(By.ID, "header")

    # By Name
    email_input = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "email")

    # By Class Name
    cards = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "card")

    # By Tag Name
    h1 = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "h1")

    # By Link Text (teks link yang tepat)
    link = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "Klik di sini")

    # By Partial Link Text (sebagian teks)
    link = driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "Klik")

    # ========================================
    # CSS Selector — PALING FLEKSIBEL
    # ========================================
    # Berdasarkan ID
    el = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#main-content")

    # Berdasarkan class
    el = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".card")

    # Tag dengan class
    el = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.card")

    # Nested selector
    el = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.container h1.title")

    # Attribute selector
    el = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "[data-testid='submit']")
    el = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[type='email']")
    el = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "a[href*='example']")  # contains
    el = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[name^='user']") # starts with
    el = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[name$='name']") # ends with

    # Child selectors
    el = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "ul > li:first-child")
    el = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div > p:nth-child(2)")

    # ========================================
    # XPath — PALING POWERFUL
    # ========================================
    # Berdasarkan atribut
    el = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//div[@id='main']")

    # Contains text
    el = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//button[contains(text(), 'Submit')]")

    # Contains attribute
    el = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//div[contains(@class, 'card')]")

    # Parent-child
    el = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//div[@class='form']//input[@name='email']")

    # Following sibling
    el = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//label[@for='email']/following-sibling::input")

    # OR condition
    el = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//input[@name='email' or @name='username']")

    # Index
    el = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "(//div[@class='item'])[3]")  # Item ke-3

    # ========================================
    # find_elements — cari BANYAK elemen
    # Mengembalikan List (bisa kosong, tidak error)
    # ========================================
    all_links = driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, "a")
    print(f"Jumlah link: {len(all_links)}")

    for link in all_links:
        print(f"Text: {link.text}, Href: {link.get_attribute('href')}")

    all_cards = driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".card")

    # ========================================
    # Chaining — cari elemen di dalam elemen
    # ========================================
    form = driver.find_element(By.ID, "registration-form")
    email_input = form.find_element(By.NAME, "email")  # Cari di dalam form saja
    submit_btn = form.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button[type='submit']")

finally:
    driver.quit()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

try:
    driver.get("https://example.com")

    # ========================================
    # Mengisi Form
    # ========================================
    # Teks input
    username = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "username")
    username.clear()  # Hapus teks yang ada
    username.send_keys("budi_santoso")  # Ketik teks

    # Password
    password = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "password")
    password.send_keys("rahasia123")

    # Email
    email = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "email")
    email.send_keys("budi@mail.com")

    # Textarea
    bio = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "bio")
    bio.send_keys("Saya adalah developer Python")

    # Shortcut keyboard
    username.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + "a")  # Select all
    username.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + "c")  # Copy
    username.send_keys(Keys.TAB)            # Tab ke elemen berikutnya
    username.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)          # Tekan Enter
    username.send_keys(Keys.ESCAPE)         # Tekan Escape

    # ========================================
    # Mengklik Element
    # ========================================
    # Tombol
    submit = driver.find_element(By.ID, "submit-btn")
    submit.click()

    # Link
    link = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "Selengkapnya")
    link.click()

    # Checkbox
    checkbox = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "agree")
    if not checkbox.is_selected():
        checkbox.click()

    # Radio button
    radio = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[value='male']")
    radio.click()

    # ========================================
    # Dropdown / Select
    # ========================================
    from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

    select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "provinsi")
    select = Select(select_element)

    # Pilih berdasarkan value
    select.select_by_value("jawa-barat")

    # Pilih berdasarkan visible text
    select.select_by_visible_text("Jawa Barat")

    # Pilih berdasarkan index
    select.select_by_index(0)

    # Deselect (untuk multi-select)
    select.deselect_all()

    # Cek opsi yang dipilih
    print(select.first_selected_option.text)

    # Semua opsi
    for option in select.options:
        print(option.text)

    # ========================================
    # Membaca Properti Element
    # ========================================
    element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "content")

    # Teks
    print(element.text)           # Visible text

    # Atribut
    print(element.get_attribute("href"))
    print(element.get_attribute("class"))
    print(element.get_attribute("data-id"))
    print(element.get_attribute("value"))

    # Properties
    print(element.tag_name)       # Tag HTML
    print(element.size)           # {'width': 300, 'height': 200}
    print(element.location)       # {'x': 50, 'y': 100}
    print(element.is_displayed()) # True/False
    print(element.is_enabled())   # True/False

    # CSS property
    print(element.value_of_css_property("color"))
    print(element.value_of_css_property("font-size"))

    # ========================================
    # Drag and Drop
    # ========================================
    source = driver.find_element(By.ID, "draggable")
    target = driver.find_element(By.ID, "droppable")

    actions = ActionChains(driver)
    actions.drag_and_drop(source, target).perform()

    # ========================================
    # Mouse Actions
    # ========================================
    link = driver.find_element(By.ID, "menu-item")
    actions = ActionChains(driver)

    # Hover
    actions.move_to_element(link).perform()

    # Right click
    actions.context_click(link).perform()

    # Double click
    actions.double_click(link).perform()

    # ========================================
    # File Upload
    # ========================================
    upload_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "file-upload")
    upload_input.send_keys("/path/to/file.pdf")
    # File path harus absolute path!

finally:
    driver.quit()

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

try:
    driver.get("https://example.com")

    # ========================================
    # 1. Implicit Wait — SET SEKALI, berlaku untuk semua
    # Selenium akan menunggu sampai waktu ini saat mencari elemen
    # ========================================
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)  # Tunggu maksimal 10 detik

    # Sekarang semua find_element akan tunggu sampai 10 detik
    element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "dynamic-content")  # Auto wait

    # ========================================
    # 2. Explicit Wait — LEBIH PRECISE (RECOMMENDED)
    # Tunggu sampai kondisi spesifik terpenuhi
    # ========================================
    wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)  # Timeout 10 detik

    # Tunggu sampai elemen bisa diklik
    button = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, "submit")))
    button.click()

    # Tunggu sampai elemen muncul di DOM
    element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "content")))

    # Tunggu sampai elemen visible
    element = wait.until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "modal")))

    # Tunggu sampai elemen hilang
    wait.until(EC.invisibility_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "loading")))

    # Tunggu sampai teks muncul di elemen
    wait.until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.ID, "status"), "Selesai"))

    # Tunggu sampai URL berubah
    wait.until(EC.url_contains("/dashboard"))

    # Tunggu sampai title berubah
    wait.until(EC.title_contains("Dashboard"))

    # Tunggu sampai alert muncul
    alert = wait.until(EC.alert_is_present())

    # Tunggu sampai jumlah elemen sesuai
    wait.until(lambda d: len(d.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, "item")) >= 5)

    # ========================================
    # 3. Custom Wait Conditions
    # ========================================
    def page_fully_loaded(driver):
        """Tunggu sampai page fully loaded"""
        return driver.execute_script("return document.readyState") == "complete"

    wait.until(page_fully_loaded)

    # Tunggu sampai AJAX selesai (jQuery)
    def ajax_complete(driver):
        return driver.execute_script("return jQuery.active == 0")

    # Tunggu sampai elemen punya teks
    def element_has_text(driver):
        el = driver.find_element(By.ID, "result")
        return el.text.strip() != ""

    wait.until(element_has_text)

    # ========================================
    # 4. Menangani Timeout
    # ========================================
    try:
        element = WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "not-exist"))
        )
    except TimeoutException:
        print("Elemen tidak ditemukan dalam 5 detik!")

    # Custom poll frequency (default 0.5 detik)
    wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10, poll_frequency=1)

finally:
    driver.quit()

# ========================================
# REKOMENDASI:
# - Gunakan Implicit Wait HANYA jika semua elemen load time mirip
# - Gunakan Explicit Wait untuk kontrol lebih presisi
# - JANGAN gabungkan keduanya (bisa konflik)
# - Selalu gunakan try/except untuk TimeoutException
# ========================================

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

# ========================================
# Chrome Headless
# ========================================
options = Options()

# Cara baru (Chrome 109+)
options.add_argument('--headless=new')

# Cara lama (sebelum Chrome 109)
# options.add_argument('--headless')

# Ukuran window (penting untuk headless!)
options.add_argument('--window-size=1920,1080')

# Tambahan untuk server
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')

driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

try:
    driver.get("https://example.com")
    print(f"Title: {driver.title}")

    # Tetap bisa ambil screenshot
    driver.save_screenshot("headless_screenshot.png")

    # Tetap bisa manipulasi elemen
    heading = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "h1")
    print(f"Heading: {heading.text}")

    # Tetap bisa execute JS
    height = driver.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")
    print(f"Page height: {height}px")

finally:
    driver.quit()

# ========================================
# Firefox Headless
# ========================================
options = webdriver.FirefoxOptions()
options.add_argument('--headless')
driver = webdriver.Firefox(options=options)

# ========================================
# Perbandingan Mode
# ========================================
# +------------------+----------+-----------+
# | Fitur            | Normal   | Headless  |
# +------------------+----------+-----------+
# | UI Browser       | ✅ Ya    | ❌ Tidak  |
# | Kecepatan        | 🟡 Sedang| 🟢 Cepat  |
# | Resource         | 🔴 Banyak| 🟢 Sedikit|
# | Screenshot       | ✅ Ya    | ✅ Ya     |
# | JavaScript       | ✅ Ya    | ✅ Ya     |
# | Server/CI        | ❌ Sulit | ✅ Mudah  |
# | Debugging        | 🟢 Mudah | 🔴 Sulit  |
# +------------------+----------+-----------+

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import json
import time

def setup_driver(headless=True):
    """Setup driver dengan konfigurasi optimal untuk scraping"""
    options = Options()
    if headless:
        options.add_argument('--headless=new')
    options.add_argument('--window-size=1920,1080')
    options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
    options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
    options.add_argument('--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled')
    options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])

    # Disable images untuk performa lebih baik
    prefs = {"profile.managed_default_content_settings.images": 2}
    options.add_experimental_option("prefs", prefs)

    return webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

def scrape_products(url, max_pages=3):
    """Contoh: Scrape produk dari e-commerce"""
    driver = setup_driver()
    all_products = []

    try:
        for page in range(1, max_pages + 1):
            print(f"Scraping halaman {page}...")
            driver.get(f"{url}?page={page}")

            # Tunggu produk muncul
            WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
                EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, "product-card"))
            )

            # Scroll untuk load semua produk (lazy loading)
            last_height = driver.execute_script(
                "return document.body.scrollHeight"
            )
            while True:
                driver.execute_script(
                    "window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);"
                )
                time.sleep(1)
                new_height = driver.execute_script(
                    "return document.body.scrollHeight"
                )
                if new_height == last_height:
                    break
                last_height = new_height

            # Ambil semua produk
            products = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, "product-card")
            for product in products:
                try:
                    name = product.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "name").text
                    price = product.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "price").text
                    rating = product.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "rating").text

                    all_products.append({
                        'name': name,
                        'price': price,
                        'rating': rating,
                        'page': page
                    })
                except Exception:
                    continue  # Skip jika elemen tidak lengkap

            print(f"  Ditemukan {len(products)} produk")

    finally:
        driver.quit()

    return all_products

def scrape_infinite_scroll(url, max_scrolls=10):
    """Contoh: Scrape halaman dengan infinite scroll"""
    driver = setup_driver()
    items = []

    try:
        driver.get(url)
        wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

        for i in range(max_scrolls):
            # Scroll ke bawah
            driver.execute_script(
                "window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);"
            )

            # Tunggu konten baru muncul
            time.sleep(2)

            # Cek apakah ada "Load More" button
            try:
                load_more = driver.find_element(
                    By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button.load-more"
                )
                load_more.click()
                time.sleep(1)
            except Exception:
                pass  # Tidak ada tombol load more

        # Ambil semua item setelah scroll selesai
        elements = driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".item")
        for el in elements:
            items.append({
                'text': el.text,
                'link': el.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "a").get_attribute("href")
            })

    finally:
        driver.quit()

    return items

# Contoh penggunaan
# products = scrape_products("https://example.com/products")
# with open('products.json', 'w') as f:
#     json.dump(products, f, indent=2)

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

# ========================================
# 1. Page Object Model (Best Practice untuk Testing)
# ========================================
class LoginPage:
    """Page Object untuk halaman login"""

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

    # Locators
    USERNAME_INPUT = (By.ID, "username")
    PASSWORD_INPUT = (By.NAME, "password")
    SUBMIT_BUTTON = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "button[type='submit']")
    ERROR_MESSAGE = (By.CLASS_NAME, "error-msg")

    def open(self, url):
        self.driver.get(url)
        return self

    def enter_username(self, username):
        field = self.wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(self.USERNAME_INPUT)
        )
        field.clear()
        field.send_keys(username)
        return self

    def enter_password(self, password):
        field = self.driver.find_element(*self.PASSWORD_INPUT)
        field.clear()
        field.send_keys(password)
        return self

    def click_submit(self):
        self.driver.find_element(*self.SUBMIT_BUTTON).click()
        return self

    def login(self, username, password):
        self.enter_username(username)
        self.enter_password(password)
        self.click_submit()
        return self

    def get_error_message(self):
        try:
            el = self.wait.until(
                EC.visibility_of_element_located(self.ERROR_MESSAGE)
            )
            return el.text
        except Exception:
            return None

    def is_logged_in(self):
        return "/dashboard" in self.driver.current_url

# Menggunakan Page Object
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    login_page = LoginPage(driver)
    login_page.open("https://example.com/login")
    login_page.login("budi", "rahasia123")

    if login_page.is_logged_in():
        print("Login berhasil!")
    else:
        error = login_page.get_error_message()
        print(f"Login gagal: {error}")
finally:
    driver.quit()

# ========================================
# 2. Network Interception (Performance Logging)
# ========================================
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.set_capability('goog:loggingPrefs', {'performance': 'ALL'})

driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
try:
    driver.get("https://example.com")

    # Ambil semua network requests
    logs = driver.get_log('performance')
    for log in logs:
        message = json.loads(log['message'])['message']
        if message['method'] == 'Network.requestWillBeSent':
            url = message['params']['request']['url']
            print(f"Request: {url}")
finally:
    driver.quit()

# ========================================
# 3. Cookie Management
# ========================================
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    driver.get("https://example.com")

    # Tambah cookie
    driver.add_cookie({
        'name': 'session',
        'value': 'abc123',
        'domain': '.example.com',
        'path': '/',
        'secure': True
    })

    # Baca cookies
    cookies = driver.get_cookies()
    for cookie in cookies:
        print(f"{cookie['name']}: {cookie['value']}")

    # Hapus cookies
    driver.delete_cookie("session")
    driver.delete_all_cookies()

finally:
    driver.quit()

# ========================================
# 4. Handling Multiple Windows
# ========================================
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    driver.get("https://example.com")
    main_window = driver.current_window_handle

    # Klik link yang buka tab baru
    driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "External Link").click()

    # Tunggu window baru
    WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        lambda d: len(d.window_handles) > 1
    )

    # Switch ke window baru
    for handle in driver.window_handles:
        if handle != main_window:
            driver.switch_to.window(handle)
            break

    print(f"New window title: {driver.title}")

    # Kembali ke window utama
    driver.switch_to.window(main_window)

finally:
    driver.quit()