Python Packaging & Distribution

# Instal package
pip install requests
pip install flask==3.0.3        # Versi spesifik
pip install "django>=4.2,<5.0"  # Rentang versi
pip install requests[security]  # Dengan extras

# Instal beberapa package sekaligus
pip install flask sqlalchemy pytest

# Instal dari file requirements
pip install -r requirements.txt

# Upgrade package
pip install --upgrade flask
pip install -U requests

# Uninstall package
pip uninstall requests

# List semua package yang terinstal
pip list

# Cek info package
pip show flask
# Output:
# Name: Flask
# Version: 3.0.3
# Summary: A simple framework for building web applications.
# Location: /path/to/lib/python3.12/site-packages

# Freeze requirements (export dependencies)
pip freeze > requirements.txt
# Output format:
# Flask==3.0.3
# Werkzeug==3.0.3
# Jinja2==3.1.4
# click==8.1.7
# ...

# Cek package yang outdated
pip list --outdated

# requirements.txt — Pin versi untuk reproducibility
Flask==3.0.3
Flask-SQLAlchemy==3.1.1
Flask-Migrate==4.0.7
Flask-WTF==1.2.1
gunicorn==22.0.0
psycopg2-binary==2.9.9
python-dotenv==1.0.1

# Development dependencies (pisahkan)
# requirements-dev.txt
pytest==8.2.2
pytest-cov==5.0.0
black==24.4.2
ruff==0.4.8
mypy==1.10.0

# Membuat virtual environment
python -m venv venv

# Aktifkan virtual environment
# macOS/Linux:
source venv/bin/activate

# Windows (Command Prompt):
venv\Scripts\activate.bat

# Windows (PowerShell):
venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1

# Cek bahwa venv aktif (prompt berubah)
# (venv) $ which python
# /path/to/proyek/venv/bin/python

# Instal package di dalam venv
pip install flask
pip install -r requirements.txt

# Deactivate venv
deactivate

# Menghapus venv (cukup hapus folder)
rm -rf venv        # macOS/Linux
rmdir /s /q venv   # Windows

# .gitignore — JANGAN commit venv!
echo "venv/" >> .gitignore
echo "__pycache__/" >> .gitignore
echo "*.pyc" >> .gitignore
echo ".env" >> .gitignore

# uv — Package manager ultra-cepat ditulis dalam Rust
# 10-100x lebih cepat dari pip!

# Instal uv
pip install uv
# atau: curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh

# Buat venv dengan uv
uv venv

# Instal package (sangat cepat!)
uv pip install flask sqlalchemy pytest

# Sync dari requirements
uv pip sync requirements.txt

# Compile requirements (seperti pip-compile)
uv pip compile requirements.in -o requirements.txt

# Jalankan script dengan uv
uv run python app.py

# pyproject.toml — Konfigurasi proyek Python modern
[build-system]
requires = ["setuptools>=68.0", "wheel"]
build-backend = "setuptools.backends._legacy:_Backend"

[project]
name = "my-awesome-library"
version = "1.0.0"
description = "Library Python yang luar biasa untuk melakukan X"
readme = "README.md"
license = {text = "MIT"}
requires-python = ">=3.10"
authors = [
    {name = "Budi Santoso", email = "budi@example.com"},
]
keywords = ["python", "library", "awesome"]
classifiers = [
    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
    "Intended Audience :: Developers",
    "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries",
]

dependencies = [
    "requests>=2.31.0",
    "pydantic>=2.0",
    "rich>=13.0",
]

[project.optional-dependencies]
dev = [
    "pytest>=8.0",
    "pytest-cov>=5.0",
    "black>=24.0",
    "ruff>=0.4",
    "mypy>=1.10",
]
docs = [
    "sphinx>=7.0",
    "sphinx-rtd-theme>=2.0",
]

[project.urls]
Homepage = "https://github.com/budi/my-awesome-library"
Documentation = "https://my-awesome-library.readthedocs.io"
Repository = "https://github.com/budi/my-awesome-library"
Issues = "https://github.com/budi/my-awesome-library/issues"

[project.scripts]
# CLI entry point — bisa dijalankan dari terminal
my-cli = "my_library.cli:main"

# Konfigurasi tools
[tool.pytest.ini_options]
testpaths = ["tests"]
addopts = "-v --tb=short"

[tool.black]
line-length = 88
target-version = ["py312"]

[tool.ruff]
line-length = 88
select = ["E", "F", "I", "N", "W", "UP"]

[tool.mypy]
python_version = "3.12"
strict = true

[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
where = ["src"]

my-awesome-library/
├── src/
│   └── my_library/
│       ├── __init__.py        ← Versi dan export utama
│       ├── core.py            ← Modul utama
│       ├── utils.py           ← Utilities
│       └── cli.py             ← CLI entry point
├── tests/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── test_core.py
│   └── test_utils.py
├── docs/
│   └── index.md
├── pyproject.toml             ← Konfigurasi utama
├── README.md                  ← Dokumentasi proyek
├── LICENSE                    ← Lisensi
├── .gitignore                 ← Git ignore rules
└── CHANGELOG.md               ← Riwayat perubahan

# Instal build tool
pip install build

# Build package (menghasilkan wheel + sdist)
python -m build

# Output:
# Successfully built my-awesome-library-1.0.0.tar.gz
#                 and my_awesome_library-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl

# Struktur output:
# dist/
# ├── my_awesome_library-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl  ← Wheel (binary)
# └── my-awesome-library-1.0.0.tar.gz            ← Sdist (source)

# Instal package lokal (untuk testing)
pip install dist/my_awesome_library-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl

# Instal dalam mode editable (development)
pip install -e .
# Editable mode: perubahan kode langsung ter-refleksi tanpa reinstall

# Instal dengan dev dependencies
pip install -e ".[dev]"

# Build dengan hatchling (alternatif modern)
pip install hatchling
# Ganti build-backend di pyproject.toml:
# build-backend = "hatchling.build"
python -m build

# src/my_library/cli.py — CLI Entry Point
import argparse
from my_library import __version__
from my_library.core import proses_data

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description='My Awesome Library CLI'
    )
    parser.add_argument('--version', action='version', version=f'%(prog)s {__version__}')
    parser.add_argument('input', help='Input file atau data')
    parser.add_argument('-o', '--output', help='Output file')
    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', action='store_true', help='Verbose output')

    args = parser.parse_args()

    if args.verbose:
        print(f"Memproses: {args.input}")

    hasil = proses_data(args.input)

    if args.output:
        with open(args.output, 'w') as f:
            f.write(hasil)
        print(f"Output disimpan ke {args.output}")
    else:
        print(hasil)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

# Setelah install, bisa dijalankan dari terminal:
# my-cli data.txt -o output.txt -v

# 1. Buat akun di https://pypi.org/register/
# 2. Buat API token di https://pypi.org/manage/account/token/

# Instal twine
pip install twine

# Verifikasi package sebelum upload
twine check dist/*
# Output: PASSED dist/my_awesome_library-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl

# Upload ke TestPyPI dulu (testing)
twine upload --repository testpypi dist/*

# Upload ke PyPI (production)
twine upload dist/*

# Atau gunakan Trusted Publisher (tanpa API token):
# 1. Setup GitHub Actions + PyPI Trusted Publisher
# 2. Upload otomatis setiap push tag

# Install dari PyPI
pip install my-awesome-library

# Install dari TestPyPI
pip install --index-url https://test.pypi.org/simple/ my-awesome-library

# Install dari GitHub langsung
pip install git+https://github.com/budi/my-awesome-library.git

# Install dari local folder
pip install /path/to/my-awesome-library/

# Install dengan extras
pip install "my-awesome-library[dev]"
pip install "my-awesome-library[docs]"

# Dockerfile — Multi-stage build untuk Python
# Stage 1: Build
FROM python:3.12-slim as builder

WORKDIR /app

# Install build dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    build-essential \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Install Python dependencies
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --prefix=/install -r requirements.txt

# Stage 2: Production
FROM python:3.12-slim

WORKDIR /app

# Copy installed packages from builder
COPY --from=builder /install /usr/local

# Copy application code
COPY . .

# Create non-root user (security best practice)
RUN adduser --disabled-password --gecos '' appuser
USER appuser

# Environment variables
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
    FLASK_ENV=production

EXPOSE 5000

# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
    CMD curl -f http://localhost:5000/health || exit 1

# Run with gunicorn
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:5000", "--workers", "4", "--timeout", "120", "app:create_app()"]

# docker-compose.yml — Full stack Python app
version: '3.8'

services:
  web:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
      - "5000:5000"
    environment:
      - DATABASE_URL=postgresql://postgres:secret@db:5432/myapp
      - SECRET_KEY=my-secret-key-change-this
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379/0
    depends_on:
      - db
      - redis

  db:
    image: postgres:15
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=myapp
      - POSTGRES_USER=postgres
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=secret
    volumes:
      - pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"

  worker:
    build: .
    command: celery -A app.celery worker --loglevel=info
    environment:
      - REDIS_URL=redis://redis:6379/0
    depends_on:
      - db
      - redis

volumes:
  pgdata:

# .dockerignore — Jangan masukkan ini ke Docker image
__pycache__
*.pyc
*.pyo
.git
.gitignore
.venv
venv
.env
*.md
tests/
docs/
dist/
build/
.pytest_cache
.mypy_cache
.coverage
htmlcov/

# Build image
docker build -t my-python-app:latest .

# Jalankan container
docker run -p 5000:5000 my-python-app:latest

# Jalankan dengan docker-compose
docker-compose up -d           # Background
docker-compose up --build      # Rebuild and start
docker-compose down            # Stop and remove
docker-compose logs -f web     # Lihat logs

# Masuk ke container (debugging)
docker exec -it container_id /bin/bash

# Cek ukuran image
docker images my-python-app
docker system df               # Cek disk usage Docker

# Cleanup
docker system prune -a         # Hapus semua yang tidak terpakai

# Instal Poetry
curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 -

# Buat proyek baru
poetry new my-project
cd my-project

# Tambah dependency
poetry add requests flask sqlalchemy
poetry add --group dev pytest black ruff

# Instal semua dependencies
poetry install

# Jalankan perintah dalam environment
poetry run python app.py
poetry run pytest

# Update dependencies
poetry update

# Export ke requirements.txt
poetry export -f requirements.txt -o requirements.txt

# Build dan publish
poetry build
poetry publish

# Lock file (poetry.lock) — commit ke Git!
# Memastikan semua developer menggunakan versi yang sama