MikroTik Scripting Language: Panduan Lengkap

# Menjalankan script langsung di terminal
:put "Hello World"

# Script multi-line di terminal
:local myVar "Hello"
:put ($myVar . " World")

# Menyimpan script di system
/system script add name=test-script source={
  :put "Script berjalan!"
  :put [/system clock get date]
}

# Menjalankan script yang tersimpan
/system script run test-script

# Melihat daftar script
/system script print

# Variabel local — hanya berlaku di script ini
:local myName "BeebaneLabs"
:local myNumber 42
:local isActive true
:local myList ("item1";"item2";"item3")

# Variabel global — bisa diakses dari mana saja
:global gwIP "192.168.1.1"
:global ispName "ISP-01"
:global failoverActive false

# Mengakses variabel
:put $myName
:put $gwIP

# Variabel local di function tidak bisa diakses di luar
:local testFunc do={
  :local insideVar "secret"
  :put $insideVar
}
# $insideVar tidak bisa diakses di sini

# Global variabel bertahan setelah script selesai
:put $gwIP

# Konkatenasi string
:local name "MikroTik"
:local greeting ("Hello " . $name . "!")
:put $greeting

# Panjang string
:put [:len $name]

# Substring
:put [:pick $name 0 4]

# Mengubah case
:put [:tostr [:find "HELLO" "ELL"]]

# Konversi tipe
:put [:tostr 42]
:put [:tonum "42"]
:put [:totime "01:30:00"]

# Format string
:local ip "192.168.1.1"
:local port 80
:put ($ip . ":" . [:tostr $port])

# Operator aritmatika
:put (10 + 5)      # 15
:put (10 - 5)      # 5
:put (10 * 5)      # 50
:put (10 / 3)      # 3
:put (10 % 3)      # 1 (modulus)

# Operator perbandingan
:put (10 > 5)      # true
:put (10 < 5)      # false
:put (10 = 10)     # true
:put (10 != 5)     # true
:put (10 >= 10)    # true
:put (10 <= 9)     # false

# Operator logika
:put (true and true)    # true
:put (true and false)   # false
:put (true or false)    # true
:put (!true)            # false

# Operator string
:put ("abc" ~ "a")      # true (match)
:put ("abc" !~ "d")     # true (not match)
:put ("hello" . " " . "world")  # concat

# If-else dasar
:local status "up"
:if ($status = "up") do={
  :put "Link is UP"
} else={
  :put "Link is DOWN"
}

# If-elseif-else
:local score 85
:if ($score >= 90) do={
  :put "Grade: A"
} else={
  :if ($score >= 80) do={
    :put "Grade: B"
  } else={
    :if ($score >= 70) do={
      :put "Grade: C"
    } else={
      :put "Grade: D"
    }
  }
}

# Inline if (single line)
:local x 10
:if ($x > 5) do={ :put "big" } else={ :put "small" }

# For loop
:for i from=1 to=10 do={
  :put ("Iteration: " . [:tostr $i])
}

# While loop (simulasi dengan :while)
:local counter 0
:while ($counter < 5) do={
  :put ("Counter: " . [:tostr $counter])
  :set counter ($counter + 1)
}

# Foreach loop
:local fruits ("apple";"banana";"cherry")
:foreach fruit in=$fruits do={
  :put ("Fruit: " . $fruit)
}

# Loop dengan break
:for i from=1 to=100 do={
  :if ($i > 5) do={ :put "Breaking!"; :break }
  :put $i
}

# Loop dengan continue
:for i from=1 to=10 do={
  :if ($i = 5) do={ :continue }
  :put $i
}

# Membuat array
:local myArray ("item1";"item2";"item3")

# Menambah item
:set myArray ($myArray, "item4")

# Mengakses item (0-based)
:put ($myArray->0)

# Panjang array
:put [:len $myArray]

# Loop array
:foreach item in=$myArray do={
  :put $item
}

# Array dengan key-value (seperti map)
:local config {
  "name"="Router01";
  "ip"="192.168.1.1";
  "port"=8291
}
:put ($config->"name")
:put ($config->"ip")

# Fungsi sederhana
:local greet do={
  :local name $1
  :put ("Hello " . $name . "!")
}
$greet "Beebane"

# Fungsi dengan return value
:local add do={
  :local a $1
  :local b $2
  :return ($a + $b)
}
:local result [$add 5 3]
:put $result

# Fungsi untuk cek IP valid
:local isValidIP do={
  :local ip $1
  :if ([:len [:find $ip "."]] > 0) do={
    :return true
  } else={
    :return false
  }
}
:put [$isValidIP "192.168.1.1"]

# Simpan sebagai global function
:global checkGateway do={
  :local gwIP $1
  :local result [/ping $gwIP count=3]
  :if ($result > 0) do={
    :return "UP"
  } else={
    :return "DOWN"
  }
}
:put [$checkGateway "8.8.8.8"]

# Scheduler: cek gateway setiap 1 menit
/system scheduler add \
  name=check-gw \
  interval=1m \
  on-event={
    :local gwIP "192.168.1.1"
    :local result [/ping $gwIP count=3]
    :if ($result = 0) do={
      :log warning ("Gateway " . $gwIP . " is DOWN!")
    } else={
      :log info ("Gateway " . $gwIP . " is UP (" . $result . "/3)")
    }
  } \
  policy=read,write,test

# Scheduler: backup konfigurasi setiap hari jam 2 pagi
/system scheduler add \
  name=daily-backup \
  start-date=jan/01/2026 \
  start-time=02:00:00 \
  interval=1d \
  on-event={
    :local filename ("backup-" . [/system clock get date])
    /system backup save name=$filename
    :log info ("Backup saved: " . $filename)
  } \
  policy=read,write,test

# Scheduler: restart interface WiFi jam 3 pagi
/system scheduler add \
  name=wifi-restart \
  start-time=03:00:00 \
  interval=1d \
  on-event={
    /interface wireless disable wlan1
    :delay 5s
    /interface wireless enable wlan1
    :log info "WiFi restarted"
  } \
  policy=read,write,test

# Startup script — berjalan saat router boot
/system scheduler add \
  name=startup-notify \
  startup=yes \
  on-event={
    :global gwIP "192.168.1.1"
    :log info "Router has been rebooted!"
    # Kirim notifikasi di sini
  } \
  policy=read,write,test

# One-shot scheduler — berjalan sekali lalu hapus
/system scheduler add \
  name=maintenance-window \
  start-time=03:00:00 \
  interval=0s \
  on-event={
    :log info "Running maintenance..."
    # Script maintenance
    /system scheduler remove [find name=maintenance-window]
  } \
  policy=read,write,test

# Lihat scheduler yang aktif
/system scheduler print
/system scheduler print detail

# Lihat scheduler log
/system scheduler print stats

# Konfigurasi SMTP server
/tool e-mail set \
  address=smtp.gmail.com \
  port=587 \
  start-tls=yes \
  from="router@yourdomain.com" \
  user="your-email@gmail.com" \
  password="your-app-password"

# Test kirim email
/tool e-mail send \
  to="admin@yourdomain.com" \
  subject="Test Email from MikroTik" \
  body="This is a test email from RouterOS scripting." \
  start-tls=yes

# Script: Kirim email jika gateway down
/system script add \
  name=gateway-alert \
  source={
    :global lastAlertTime
    :local gwIP "8.8.8.8"
    :local result [/ping $gwIP count=5]
    
    :if ($result = 0) do={
      :local now [/system clock get time]
      :if ([:len $lastAlertTime] = 0 || \
           ([:tonum [:pick $now 0 2]] - [:tonum [:pick $lastAlertTime 0 2]] > 0)) do={
        /tool e-mail send \
          to="admin@yourdomain.com" \
          subject=("ALERT: Gateway " . $gwIP . " is DOWN!") \
          body=("Gateway " . $gwIP . " tidak merespons.\nWaktu: " . \
                [/system clock get date] . " " . $now)
        :set lastAlertTime $now
        :log warning "Alert email sent: Gateway DOWN"
      }
    }
  } \
  policy=read,write,test,policy

# Netwatch: monitor gateway utama
/tool netwatch add \
  host=8.8.8.8 \
  interval=10s \
  timeout=1s \
  type=icmp \
  comment="Monitor Google DNS"

# Netwatch dengan script on-up dan on-down
/tool netwatch add \
  host=192.168.1.1 \
  interval=5s \
  timeout=2s \
  type=icmp \
  comment="Monitor ISP Gateway"

# Script on-up (saat host hidup kembali)
:log info "ISP Gateway is UP"
/ip route enable [find comment="route-primary"]

# Script on-down (saat host mati)
:log warning "ISP Gateway is DOWN"
/ip route disable [find comment="route-primary"]

# Monitor multiple hosts
:local hosts ("8.8.8.8";"1.1.1.1";"208.67.222.222")
:foreach h in=$hosts do={
  /tool netwatch add \
    host=$h \
    interval=10s \
    timeout=2s \
    type=icmp \
    comment=("Monitor " . $h)
}

# Lihat status netwatch
/tool netwatch print
/tool netwatch print detail

# Script auto failover ISP
/system script add \
  name=auto-failover \
  source={
    :global primaryGW "192.168.1.1"
    :global backupGW "192.168.2.1"
    :global failoverActive
    
    :local primaryOK [/ping 8.8.8.8 count=5 src-address=$primaryGW]
    
    :if ($primaryOK = 0 && !$failoverActive) do={
      :log warning "Primary ISP DOWN - switching to backup"
      /ip route set [find gateway=$primaryGW] distance=200
      /ip route set [find gateway=$backupGW] distance=1
      :set failoverActive true
      /tool e-mail send \
        to="admin@yourdomain.com" \
        subject="FAILOVER: Switched to backup ISP" \
        body="Primary ISP down at [/system clock get date] [/system clock get time]"
    }
    
    :if ($primaryOK > 0 && $failoverActive) do={
      :log info "Primary ISP UP - switching back"
      /ip route set [find gateway=$primaryGW] distance=1
      /ip route set [find gateway=$backupGW] distance=200
      :set failoverActive false
      /tool e-mail send \
        to="admin@yourdomain.com" \
        subject="RECOVERY: Back to primary ISP" \
        body="Primary ISP restored at [/system clock get date] [/system clock get time]"
    }
  } \
  policy=read,write,test,policy

# Jalankan setiap 30 detik
/system scheduler add \
  name=failover-check \
  interval=30s \
  on-event=auto-failover \
  policy=read,write,test,policy

# Script monitoring bandwidth
/system script add \
  name=bw-monitor \
  source={
    :local iface "ether1"
    :local rxNow [/interface get $iface rx-byte]
    :local txNow [/interface get $iface tx-byte]
    
    :global rxPrev
    :global txPrev
    
    :if ([:len $rxPrev] = 0) do={
      :set rxPrev $rxNow
      :set txPrev $txNow
      :log info "BW Monitor initialized"
    } else={
      :local rxRate (($rxNow - $rxPrev) * 8 / 60)
      :local txRate (($txNow - $txPrev) * 8 / 60)
      
      :local rxMbps ([:tonum $rxRate] / 1000000)
      :local txMbps ([:tonum $txRate] / 1000000)
      
      :log info ("BW " . $iface . ": RX=" . $rxMbps . " Mbps TX=" . $txMbps . " Mbps")
      
      # Alert jika bandwidth > threshold
      :if ($rxMbps > 80) do={
        /tool e-mail send \
          to="admin@yourdomain.com" \
          subject="WARNING: High bandwidth usage" \
          body=("RX: " . $rxMbps . " Mbps on " . $iface)
      }
      
      :set rxPrev $rxNow
      :set txPrev $txNow
    }
  } \
  policy=read,write,test,policy

# Jalankan setiap 1 menit
/system scheduler add \
  name=bw-check \
  interval=1m \
  on-event=bw-monitor \
  policy=read,write,test,policy

# Script backup otomatis
/system script add \
  name=auto-backup \
  source={
    :local date [/system clock get date]
    :local time [/system clock get time]
    :local filename ("backup-" . $date)
    
    # Backup binary
    /system backup save name=$filename
    
    # Export konfigurasi (text)
    /export file=("export-" . $date)
    
    # Hapus backup lama (lebih dari 7 hari)
    :foreach f in=[/file find where name~"backup-"] do={
      :local fname [/file get $f name]
      :local age ([:tonum [/system clock get date]] - [:tonum [:pick $fname 7 12]])
      :if ($age > 7) do={
        /file remove $f
        :log info ("Deleted old backup: " . $fname)
      }
    }
    
    :log info ("Backup completed: " . $filename)
  } \
  policy=read,write,test